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Petrology and geochemistry of alto peak, a vapor-cored hydrothermal system, Leyte province, Philippines

Identifieur interne : 000368 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000367; suivant : 000369

Petrology and geochemistry of alto peak, a vapor-cored hydrothermal system, Leyte province, Philippines

Auteurs : Agnes G. Reyes [Philippines, Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Werner F. Giggenbach [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Jesus R. M. Saleras [Philippines] ; Noel D. Salonga [Philippines] ; Marlo C. Vergara [Philippines]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:9D8105EE4B7D995707520795F46AFA2F3D51B77E

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Abstract: Based on detailed petrological information on secondary mineral assemblages and the composition of fluids trapped in inclusions and discharged from five wells, the Alto Peak geothermal field was found to represent a combined vapor and liquid-dominated system. A central core or chimney, with a diameter of about 1 km, a height of some 3 km and occupied by a high gas vapor (1.1 to 5.6 molal CO2), is surrounded by an envelope of intermediate salinity water (7000 mg/kg Cl) with temperatures between 250 and 350°C. The transition from purely vapor-dominated to liquid-dominated zones takes place via two-phase zones occupied by fluid mixtures of highly variable compositions. Much of the lower temperature, mature neutral pH Cl water is likely to have formed during an earlier stage in the evolution of the system. High temperatures of 300°C, and associated alteration, are limited to wells AP-1D and the lower parts of AP-2D and are ascribed to re-heating by recent magmatic intrusions. The isotopic composition of the well discharges suggests that they contain some 40 to 50% of magmatic water. Alto Peak is considered a typical example of hydrothermal systems associated with many dormant volcanoes.

Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0375-6505(93)90033-J


Affiliations:


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Le document en format XML

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<term>Acid alteration</term>
<term>Acid sulfate waters</term>
<term>Alteration</term>
<term>Alteration assemblages</term>
<term>Alteration intensity</term>
<term>Alteration mineralogy</term>
<term>Alteration minerals</term>
<term>Alteration patterns</term>
<term>Alteration types</term>
<term>Alto</term>
<term>Alto fault</term>
<term>Alto peak</term>
<term>Alto peak area</term>
<term>Alto peak system</term>
<term>Alto peak volcanics</term>
<term>Alto peak wells</term>
<term>Analytical data</term>
<term>Andesitic</term>
<term>Andesitic water</term>
<term>Anhydrite</term>
<term>Anhydrite crystals</term>
<term>Assemblage</term>
<term>Average crustal rocks</term>
<term>Binahaan</term>
<term>Binahaan formation</term>
<term>Biotite</term>
<term>Blind drilling</term>
<term>Calcite</term>
<term>Central parts</term>
<term>Chemical composition</term>
<term>Chemical compositions</term>
<term>Cleq</term>
<term>Cold block</term>
<term>Considerable proportions</term>
<term>Contact metamorphism</term>
<term>Contents</term>
<term>Cool waters</term>
<term>Cooler waters</term>
<term>Corresponding temperatures</term>
<term>Costa rica</term>
<term>Critical point</term>
<term>Danglog</term>
<term>Danglog area</term>
<term>Danglog collapse structure</term>
<term>Danglog crater</term>
<term>Danglog solfatara</term>
<term>Data point</term>
<term>Data points</term>
<term>Deep fluids</term>
<term>Deep levels</term>
<term>Deep vapor</term>
<term>Deeper levels</term>
<term>Deeper zones</term>
<term>Different proportions</term>
<term>Different temperatures</term>
<term>Dike</term>
<term>Dilution line</term>
<term>Direct conversion</term>
<term>Discharge</term>
<term>Discharge data</term>
<term>Discharge waters</term>
<term>Distinct processes</term>
<term>Distinct ratios</term>
<term>Early discharges</term>
<term>Early pliocene</term>
<term>Elev</term>
<term>Elevation</term>
<term>Endmember</term>
<term>Endmember fluids</term>
<term>Endmember vapor</term>
<term>Endmember water</term>
<term>Enthalpy</term>
<term>Enthalpy discharges</term>
<term>Epidote</term>
<term>Equilibration</term>
<term>Fluid</term>
<term>Fluid chemistry</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion data</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion homogenisation</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion homogenisation temperatures</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion measurements</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion results</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion temperatures</term>
<term>Fluid inclusions</term>
<term>Fluid withdrawal</term>
<term>Full equilibrium</term>
<term>Full equilibrium line</term>
<term>Gassy vapor</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geothermal</term>
<term>Geothermal areas</term>
<term>Geothermal fluids</term>
<term>Geothermal reservoir development</term>
<term>Geothermal system</term>
<term>Geothermal systems</term>
<term>Giggcnbach</term>
<term>Giggenbach</term>
<term>Groundwater</term>
<term>Groundwaters</term>
<term>Hco3 springs</term>
<term>High enthalpy discharges</term>
<term>High permeability</term>
<term>High ratios</term>
<term>High temperature</term>
<term>High temperature minerals</term>
<term>High temperature vapors</term>
<term>High temperatures</term>
<term>High waters</term>
<term>Higher temperature</term>
<term>Higher temperatures</term>
<term>Higher values</term>
<term>Highest temperatures</term>
<term>Homogenisation</term>
<term>Homogenisation temperatures</term>
<term>Hornblende</term>
<term>Hornblende quartz microdiorite</term>
<term>Hottest portion</term>
<term>Huron</term>
<term>Hyaloclastites</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Hydrothermal alteration</term>
<term>Hydrothermal fluids</term>
<term>Hydrothermal system</term>
<term>Hydrothermal systems</term>
<term>Illite</term>
<term>Illite zone</term>
<term>Inclusion</term>
<term>Injectivity index</term>
<term>Intermediate water</term>
<term>Internal report</term>
<term>Isobaric heating</term>
<term>Isothermal decompression</term>
<term>Isotopic</term>
<term>Isotopic composition</term>
<term>Isotopic compositions</term>
<term>Janagdan</term>
<term>Lake danao</term>
<term>Large amounts</term>
<term>Large variations</term>
<term>Late miocene</term>
<term>Late pleistocene</term>
<term>Limited extent</term>
<term>Liquid phase</term>
<term>Liquid phases</term>
<term>Local groundwater</term>
<term>Lower binahaan formation</term>
<term>Lower members</term>
<term>Lower parts</term>
<term>Lower temperatures</term>
<term>Magmatic</term>
<term>Magmatic fluids</term>
<term>Magmatic origin</term>
<term>Magmatic waters</term>
<term>Mainit</term>
<term>Major processes</term>
<term>Major storage zones</term>
<term>Mass flow</term>
<term>Metamorphism</term>
<term>Microdiorite</term>
<term>Mineral associations</term>
<term>Mineralogical temperatures</term>
<term>Modal cleq</term>
<term>Modal values</term>
<term>Molal</term>
<term>Naci content</term>
<term>Nearby tongonan</term>
<term>Ongoing production</term>
<term>Original parent water</term>
<term>Other waters</term>
<term>Parent vapor</term>
<term>Parent water</term>
<term>Partial pressures</term>
<term>Peak</term>
<term>Permeability</term>
<term>Permeable zones</term>
<term>Personal communication</term>
<term>Personal communications</term>
<term>Petrological</term>
<term>Petrological information</term>
<term>Petrology</term>
<term>Philippine wells</term>
<term>Pleistocene</term>
<term>Pleistocene volcanics</term>
<term>Pliocene</term>
<term>Pliocene volcanics</term>
<term>Point curve</term>
<term>Point depression</term>
<term>Production zones</term>
<term>Pure steam</term>
<term>Pure water</term>
<term>Quartz</term>
<term>Quartz microdiorite dikes</term>
<term>Rapid changes</term>
<term>Rare lawsonite</term>
<term>Relative contents</term>
<term>Reservoir waters</term>
<term>Resistivity</term>
<term>Resistivity anomaly</term>
<term>Resistivity boundary</term>
<term>Reversal</term>
<term>Reves ctal</term>
<term>Reyes</term>
<term>Saline liquids</term>
<term>Saline solutions</term>
<term>Saline waters</term>
<term>Salinity</term>
<term>Salt crystals</term>
<term>Salt daughter minerals</term>
<term>Sampling date</term>
<term>Sampling pressure</term>
<term>Secondary mineral assemblages</term>
<term>Secondary minerals</term>
<term>Sedimentary</term>
<term>Sedimentary breccias</term>
<term>Sedimentary rocks</term>
<term>Several faults</term>
<term>Shallow depths</term>
<term>Shallow levels</term>
<term>Significant amounts</term>
<term>Smectite</term>
<term>Solfataric activity</term>
<term>Sporadic appearances</term>
<term>Spring discharges</term>
<term>Steam condensates</term>
<term>Steam discharges</term>
<term>Steam fraction</term>
<term>Steam heating</term>
<term>Stream valleys</term>
<term>Subsequent interaction</term>
<term>Surface discharges</term>
<term>Surface manifestations</term>
<term>Surface waters</term>
<term>Temperature ranges</term>
<term>Temperature reversal</term>
<term>Temperature reversals</term>
<term>Thermal manifestations</term>
<term>Thermal springs</term>
<term>Thermal waters</term>
<term>Tongonan</term>
<term>Total discharge</term>
<term>Transition zone</term>
<term>Trend line</term>
<term>Uniform ratios</term>
<term>Upflow</term>
<term>Vapor</term>
<term>Vapor chimney</term>
<term>Vapor discharges</term>
<term>Vapor phase</term>
<term>Vapors</term>
<term>Variable compositions</term>
<term>Vertical permeability</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic waters</term>
<term>Volcanics</term>
<term>Water discharges</term>
<term>Wellhead pressures</term>
<term>Wells</term>
<term>Zone</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Acid alteration</term>
<term>Acid sulfate waters</term>
<term>Alteration</term>
<term>Alteration assemblages</term>
<term>Alteration intensity</term>
<term>Alteration mineralogy</term>
<term>Alteration minerals</term>
<term>Alteration patterns</term>
<term>Alteration types</term>
<term>Alto</term>
<term>Alto fault</term>
<term>Alto peak</term>
<term>Alto peak area</term>
<term>Alto peak system</term>
<term>Alto peak volcanics</term>
<term>Alto peak wells</term>
<term>Analytical data</term>
<term>Andesitic</term>
<term>Andesitic water</term>
<term>Anhydrite</term>
<term>Anhydrite crystals</term>
<term>Assemblage</term>
<term>Average crustal rocks</term>
<term>Binahaan</term>
<term>Binahaan formation</term>
<term>Biotite</term>
<term>Blind drilling</term>
<term>Calcite</term>
<term>Central parts</term>
<term>Chemical composition</term>
<term>Chemical compositions</term>
<term>Cleq</term>
<term>Cold block</term>
<term>Considerable proportions</term>
<term>Contact metamorphism</term>
<term>Contents</term>
<term>Cool waters</term>
<term>Cooler waters</term>
<term>Corresponding temperatures</term>
<term>Costa rica</term>
<term>Critical point</term>
<term>Danglog</term>
<term>Danglog area</term>
<term>Danglog collapse structure</term>
<term>Danglog crater</term>
<term>Danglog solfatara</term>
<term>Data point</term>
<term>Data points</term>
<term>Deep fluids</term>
<term>Deep levels</term>
<term>Deep vapor</term>
<term>Deeper levels</term>
<term>Deeper zones</term>
<term>Different proportions</term>
<term>Different temperatures</term>
<term>Dike</term>
<term>Dilution line</term>
<term>Direct conversion</term>
<term>Discharge</term>
<term>Discharge data</term>
<term>Discharge waters</term>
<term>Distinct processes</term>
<term>Distinct ratios</term>
<term>Early discharges</term>
<term>Early pliocene</term>
<term>Elev</term>
<term>Elevation</term>
<term>Endmember</term>
<term>Endmember fluids</term>
<term>Endmember vapor</term>
<term>Endmember water</term>
<term>Enthalpy</term>
<term>Enthalpy discharges</term>
<term>Epidote</term>
<term>Equilibration</term>
<term>Fluid</term>
<term>Fluid chemistry</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion data</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion homogenisation</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion homogenisation temperatures</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion measurements</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion results</term>
<term>Fluid inclusion temperatures</term>
<term>Fluid inclusions</term>
<term>Fluid withdrawal</term>
<term>Full equilibrium</term>
<term>Full equilibrium line</term>
<term>Gassy vapor</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geothermal</term>
<term>Geothermal areas</term>
<term>Geothermal fluids</term>
<term>Geothermal reservoir development</term>
<term>Geothermal system</term>
<term>Geothermal systems</term>
<term>Giggcnbach</term>
<term>Giggenbach</term>
<term>Groundwater</term>
<term>Groundwaters</term>
<term>Hco3 springs</term>
<term>High enthalpy discharges</term>
<term>High permeability</term>
<term>High ratios</term>
<term>High temperature</term>
<term>High temperature minerals</term>
<term>High temperature vapors</term>
<term>High temperatures</term>
<term>High waters</term>
<term>Higher temperature</term>
<term>Higher temperatures</term>
<term>Higher values</term>
<term>Highest temperatures</term>
<term>Homogenisation</term>
<term>Homogenisation temperatures</term>
<term>Hornblende</term>
<term>Hornblende quartz microdiorite</term>
<term>Hottest portion</term>
<term>Huron</term>
<term>Hyaloclastites</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Hydrothermal alteration</term>
<term>Hydrothermal fluids</term>
<term>Hydrothermal system</term>
<term>Hydrothermal systems</term>
<term>Illite</term>
<term>Illite zone</term>
<term>Inclusion</term>
<term>Injectivity index</term>
<term>Intermediate water</term>
<term>Internal report</term>
<term>Isobaric heating</term>
<term>Isothermal decompression</term>
<term>Isotopic</term>
<term>Isotopic composition</term>
<term>Isotopic compositions</term>
<term>Janagdan</term>
<term>Lake danao</term>
<term>Large amounts</term>
<term>Large variations</term>
<term>Late miocene</term>
<term>Late pleistocene</term>
<term>Limited extent</term>
<term>Liquid phase</term>
<term>Liquid phases</term>
<term>Local groundwater</term>
<term>Lower binahaan formation</term>
<term>Lower members</term>
<term>Lower parts</term>
<term>Lower temperatures</term>
<term>Magmatic</term>
<term>Magmatic fluids</term>
<term>Magmatic origin</term>
<term>Magmatic waters</term>
<term>Mainit</term>
<term>Major processes</term>
<term>Major storage zones</term>
<term>Mass flow</term>
<term>Metamorphism</term>
<term>Microdiorite</term>
<term>Mineral associations</term>
<term>Mineralogical temperatures</term>
<term>Modal cleq</term>
<term>Modal values</term>
<term>Molal</term>
<term>Naci content</term>
<term>Nearby tongonan</term>
<term>Ongoing production</term>
<term>Original parent water</term>
<term>Other waters</term>
<term>Parent vapor</term>
<term>Parent water</term>
<term>Partial pressures</term>
<term>Peak</term>
<term>Permeability</term>
<term>Permeable zones</term>
<term>Personal communication</term>
<term>Personal communications</term>
<term>Petrological</term>
<term>Petrological information</term>
<term>Petrology</term>
<term>Philippine wells</term>
<term>Pleistocene</term>
<term>Pleistocene volcanics</term>
<term>Pliocene</term>
<term>Pliocene volcanics</term>
<term>Point curve</term>
<term>Point depression</term>
<term>Production zones</term>
<term>Pure steam</term>
<term>Pure water</term>
<term>Quartz</term>
<term>Quartz microdiorite dikes</term>
<term>Rapid changes</term>
<term>Rare lawsonite</term>
<term>Relative contents</term>
<term>Reservoir waters</term>
<term>Resistivity</term>
<term>Resistivity anomaly</term>
<term>Resistivity boundary</term>
<term>Reversal</term>
<term>Reves ctal</term>
<term>Reyes</term>
<term>Saline liquids</term>
<term>Saline solutions</term>
<term>Saline waters</term>
<term>Salinity</term>
<term>Salt crystals</term>
<term>Salt daughter minerals</term>
<term>Sampling date</term>
<term>Sampling pressure</term>
<term>Secondary mineral assemblages</term>
<term>Secondary minerals</term>
<term>Sedimentary</term>
<term>Sedimentary breccias</term>
<term>Sedimentary rocks</term>
<term>Several faults</term>
<term>Shallow depths</term>
<term>Shallow levels</term>
<term>Significant amounts</term>
<term>Smectite</term>
<term>Solfataric activity</term>
<term>Sporadic appearances</term>
<term>Spring discharges</term>
<term>Steam condensates</term>
<term>Steam discharges</term>
<term>Steam fraction</term>
<term>Steam heating</term>
<term>Stream valleys</term>
<term>Subsequent interaction</term>
<term>Surface discharges</term>
<term>Surface manifestations</term>
<term>Surface waters</term>
<term>Temperature ranges</term>
<term>Temperature reversal</term>
<term>Temperature reversals</term>
<term>Thermal manifestations</term>
<term>Thermal springs</term>
<term>Thermal waters</term>
<term>Tongonan</term>
<term>Total discharge</term>
<term>Transition zone</term>
<term>Trend line</term>
<term>Uniform ratios</term>
<term>Upflow</term>
<term>Vapor</term>
<term>Vapor chimney</term>
<term>Vapor discharges</term>
<term>Vapor phase</term>
<term>Vapors</term>
<term>Variable compositions</term>
<term>Vertical permeability</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic waters</term>
<term>Volcanics</term>
<term>Water discharges</term>
<term>Wellhead pressures</term>
<term>Wells</term>
<term>Zone</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Géochimie</term>
<term>Eau souterraine</term>
<term>Pétrologie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Based on detailed petrological information on secondary mineral assemblages and the composition of fluids trapped in inclusions and discharged from five wells, the Alto Peak geothermal field was found to represent a combined vapor and liquid-dominated system. A central core or chimney, with a diameter of about 1 km, a height of some 3 km and occupied by a high gas vapor (1.1 to 5.6 molal CO2), is surrounded by an envelope of intermediate salinity water (7000 mg/kg Cl) with temperatures between 250 and 350°C. The transition from purely vapor-dominated to liquid-dominated zones takes place via two-phase zones occupied by fluid mixtures of highly variable compositions. Much of the lower temperature, mature neutral pH Cl water is likely to have formed during an earlier stage in the evolution of the system. High temperatures of 300°C, and associated alteration, are limited to wells AP-1D and the lower parts of AP-2D and are ascribed to re-heating by recent magmatic intrusions. The isotopic composition of the well discharges suggests that they contain some 40 to 50% of magmatic water. Alto Peak is considered a typical example of hydrothermal systems associated with many dormant volcanoes.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li>
<li>Philippines</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Philippines">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Reyes, Agnes G" sort="Reyes, Agnes G" uniqKey="Reyes A" first="Agnes G." last="Reyes">Agnes G. Reyes</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Saleras, Jesus R M" sort="Saleras, Jesus R M" uniqKey="Saleras J" first="Jesus R. M." last="Saleras">Jesus R. M. Saleras</name>
<name sortKey="Salonga, Noel D" sort="Salonga, Noel D" uniqKey="Salonga N" first="Noel D." last="Salonga">Noel D. Salonga</name>
<name sortKey="Vergara, Marlo C" sort="Vergara, Marlo C" uniqKey="Vergara M" first="Marlo C." last="Vergara">Marlo C. Vergara</name>
</country>
<country name="Nouvelle-Zélande">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Reyes, Agnes G" sort="Reyes, Agnes G" uniqKey="Reyes A" first="Agnes G." last="Reyes">Agnes G. Reyes</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Giggenbach, Werner F" sort="Giggenbach, Werner F" uniqKey="Giggenbach W" first="Werner F." last="Giggenbach">Werner F. Giggenbach</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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